Die schätzung externer effekte im verkehrswesen mithilfe von stated-choice-experimenten

Abstract

The valuation of externalities in transport planning is a serious and difficult business. Many methods advocated and used in the past, such as hedonic pricing, the human capital approach and contingent valuation; have been rightly criticised for their many shortcomings. Among specialist there is a quasi-consensus nowadays in that stated choice methods are superior for this task. We refer to their use for valuing accidents, noise, atmospheric pollution and the feeling of safety when walking in urban streets, discussing a series of design and application issues through case studies.
In particular we touch upon experimental design (context, selection of attributes, definition of payment
mechanism and design approach), survey conduction (data collection strategy, sample selection, and use of extra questions to aid data validation and analysis), and modelling using the advanced methods that this type of quality data requires/allows for. Our main conclusion is that properly conducted and designed stated choice methods are a valid tool to estimate willingness-to-pay for reducing transport externalities, even in situations involving poor and/or less than fully literate individuals. We also recommend conducting local studies, as cultural
differences play a bigger role than normally recognised, and issues such as differences in risk aversion may be crucially important in determining willingness-to-pay values.