Extractives: Challenges and Opportunities for the South in the Energy Transition

Abstract

Latin America has abundant natural resources, giving the region an advantage in extractive industries and agriculture. However, this reliance on commodities exports and traditional economic sectors poses challenges to diversification, value-added growth, and environmental sustainability. In response to these challenges, Chile called in an international bid to establish a Clean Technology Institute to enhance value-added and advanced clean technologies in extractives and lithium, taking advantage of the abundant solar radiation.This paper examines the governance challenges in Chile, which are similar in other countries, in embracing the opportunities of clean technologies and transitioning towards a greener and more innovative economy. The study focuses on Chile’s Clean Technology Institute, exploring its role in enhancing the value of natural resources, fostering economic growth, creating jobs, and contributing to global energy security.The research highlights the critical role that a national lab can play in a country’s research and development ecosystem. It emphasizes the need for a planned and mission-oriented approach with clear targets and milestones and objective management supporting the country’s long-term goals. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of integrating workforce development, investment in research and development, and enhancing institutions to create an innovation-friendly environment.The paper concludes on the importance of transparent and accountable governance practices for the success of a country’s innovation agenda. By leveraging its natural resources and fostering a culture of innovation, Chile and other Latin American countries can become global leaders in clean technologies, driving sustainable development and contributing positively to the world economy.