Blended learning in rural K-12 education: Stakeholder dynamics and recommendations

Abstract

BackgroundWith the growing integration of technology in education, the adoption of blended learning (b-learning) has gained attention. B-learning combines traditional classroom teaching with online components, holding potential to enhance student outcomes and educational efficiency. Yet, current research predominantly concentrates on higher education institutions in urban areas, creating a void in understanding its impact on K-12 education, particularly in rural settings.ObjectivesThis qualitative study aims to propose recommendations for successful implementation of blended learning in rural K-12 areas by addressing the key stakeholders influencing its adoption and identifying the main factors affecting its success.MethodsWe performed a content analysis of grey literature documents detailing the implementation of b-learning in K-12 education. Additionally, interviews with crucial stakeholders such as teachers, principals, and experts in rural schools in South America provide insights into the challenges and prospects of b-learning adoption in these contexts.Results and ConclusionsThe study identifies pivotal stakeholders for effective b-learning implementation, outlining their roles and addressing challenges inherent in rural settings. Recommendations for enhancing b-learning’s implementation in developing countries are also proposed. The research underscores the significance of involving diverse stakeholders such as governmental bodies, school leaders, educators, students, and families to ensure a holistic and efficient approach to blended learning.nWhat is currently known about this topic Blended Learning Definition and Benefits: Blended learning combines face-to-face and online instruction, enhancing student engagement and personalization by providing diverse learning pathways. Growth in K-12 Implementation: Blended learning gained traction in K-12 education, boosting academic outcomes, driven by recognition of learner diversity and potential in meeting students’ needs. Contextual Challenges: Implementation challenges arise in low-income households and rural areas, including limited access to technology and internet connectivity, impacting student engagement and success.What does this paper add Focusing on Rural Dynamics: This study helps to fill a gap by investigating blended learning in rural K-12 settings, spotlighting key players and success drivers in these unique contexts. Recommendations from Various Sources: By combining interviews and grey literature, this research generates comprehensive, practical recommendations grounded in both empirical insights and real-world perspectives. Insights into Rural Hurdles: This paper extends the discussion on blended learning by addressing specific rural barriers, proposing family involvement, private sector partnerships for training, and tailored pedagogical strategies.Implications for practice or policy Leadership and Collaboration: Effective school leadership and collaboration with local governments are pivotal for fruitful blended learning implementation, ensuring defined roles, responsibility, and accountability. Adaptable Curriculum Design: An adaptable, centralized curriculum aligns with recommendations, fostering efficient tracking of student progress and enabling customized learning. Engagement-Centric Pedagogies: Recommendations spotlight interactive, student-centered teaching methods, tailored to diverse student needs, nurturing active participation and elevated learning outcomes.