Stomatal Conductance Responses of Acacia caven to Seasonal Patterns of Water Availability at Different Soil Depths in a Mediterranean Savanna

Abstract

Soil water availability controls plant productivity in seasonally dry ecosystems, although plant water use at different soil depths and times is, to the best of our knowledge, not clearly understood. Environmental variables at the canopy level and the soil volumetric water content (VWC) at five different soil depths were continuously recorded for three years (2011–2014) in an Acacia caven savanna site in central Chile. Stomatal conductance ( gs ) was measured every hour during daytime for 42 days distributed across the study period. Values of gs were weakly controlled by photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and leaf temperature when considering the whole series. The variance proportion being explained increased from 5% to 20% if the whole series was partitioned into a dry and a wet season. According to the above, A. caven exhibited a more anisohydric behavior than previously thought. When we added the VWC in the root zone, to the gs atmospheric variables model, R2 increased to 47% when separately considering the dry and wet seasons. However, we did not find a differentiated use of water in the root zone, but instead a joint activity of the radicular system within the top 100 cm of the soil controlling